Tuesday, 9 April 2013
Wednesday, 3 April 2013
PROGRAM MENCERAP BINTANG 2013
PROGRAM BERKENALAN DENGAN ILMU FALAK
SEMPENA TAHUN SAINS & TEKNOLOGI 2013, SMSKP
Bahagian Falak, Jabatan Mufti Pulau Pinang
2013 National Science Challenge - Preliminary Level
2013 NATIONAL SCIENCE CHALLENGE
9.30 - 11.30 AM
ALL FORM 4 STUDENTS WERE INVOLVE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION..
Monday, 1 April 2013
ISU SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI : Malaysia perlu sedia perancangan lebih teliti
MALAYSIA bercadang mendapatkan tenaga elektrik daripada loji nuklear dan dua reaktor pertama dijadual beroperasi pada 2021.
Namun, kejadian pencemaran radioaktif di Fukushima, Jepun dan isu penyimpanan sisa nadir bumi dari kilang Lynas di Kuantan mengubah pandangan masyarakat negara ini.
Jika pihak berkaitan berjaya menangani isu Lynas, tugas memperkenal loji kuasa nuklear di Malaysia menjadi lebih mudah.
Ketua Pengarah Agensi Nuklear Malaysia (Nuklear Malaysia), Dr Muhamad Lebai Juri, berkata selepas tragedi nuklear Fukushima Dai-ichi, penerimaan masyarakat terhadap teknologi itu berubah kepada isu keselamatan bahan radioaktif.
“Isu Lynas juga berkaitan dengan pengurusan sisa buangan kerana orang ramai belum dapat diyakinkan dengan teknologi penyimpanan sedia ada,” katanya.
Beliau berkata demikian dalam perbincangan bertajuk Penggunaan Tenaga Nuklear: Adakah Malaysia Bersedia Dari Segi Keselamatan sempena Seminar Tenaga Nuklear anjuran Majlis Profesor Negara.
Nuklear Malaysia ditubuhkan pada 1972 untuk memulakan proses penjanaan kuasa nuklear sebagai sumber tenaga elektrik tetapi diabaikan selepas negara menemui minyak dan gas. Agensi itu kemudian bertukar sebagai institusi penyelidikan yang menggunakan aplikasi radiasi.
Muhamad Lebai berkata, jika fungsi Nuklear Malaysia diubah daripada institusi penyelidikan kepada organisasi sokongan teknikal (TSO), agensi itu perlu berfungsi untuk meneroka nadir bumi seperti torium dan urainium.
Nuklear Malaysia juga perlu membabitkan kepakarannya dalam kejuruteraan bahan api nuklear, teknologi reaktor dan pengurusan sisa radioaktif serta bahan api terpakai.
Beliau berkata, program tenaga nuklear adalah satu industri yang besar kerana selain TSO untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan pembangunan, industri itu memerlukan industri kecil dan sederhana untuk mengeluarkan serta memproses semua komponen yang diperlukan dalam rantaian reaktor nuklear.
“Ini bukan saja memerlukan kewangan yang besar tetapi juga memerlukan ramai graduan dalam bidang kejuruteraan nuklear dan fizik nuklear.
“Kita tidak boleh bergantung pada universiti luar negara untuk melatih tenaga pakar ini tetapi institusi tempatan mesti memulakan program berkaitan.
“Adakah kita bersedia?” katanya.
Sumber : http : //www.bharian.com.my/
Nuklear Malaysia ditubuhkan pada 1972 untuk memulakan proses penjanaan kuasa nuklear sebagai sumber tenaga elektrik tetapi diabaikan selepas negara menemui minyak dan gas. Agensi itu kemudian bertukar sebagai institusi penyelidikan yang menggunakan aplikasi radiasi.
Muhamad Lebai berkata, jika fungsi Nuklear Malaysia diubah daripada institusi penyelidikan kepada organisasi sokongan teknikal (TSO), agensi itu perlu berfungsi untuk meneroka nadir bumi seperti torium dan urainium.
Nuklear Malaysia juga perlu membabitkan kepakarannya dalam kejuruteraan bahan api nuklear, teknologi reaktor dan pengurusan sisa radioaktif serta bahan api terpakai.
Beliau berkata, program tenaga nuklear adalah satu industri yang besar kerana selain TSO untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan pembangunan, industri itu memerlukan industri kecil dan sederhana untuk mengeluarkan serta memproses semua komponen yang diperlukan dalam rantaian reaktor nuklear.
“Ini bukan saja memerlukan kewangan yang besar tetapi juga memerlukan ramai graduan dalam bidang kejuruteraan nuklear dan fizik nuklear.
“Kita tidak boleh bergantung pada universiti luar negara untuk melatih tenaga pakar ini tetapi institusi tempatan mesti memulakan program berkaitan.
“Adakah kita bersedia?” katanya.
Sumber : http : //www.bharian.com.my/
Tuesday, 19 March 2013
Sunday, 24 February 2013
Monday, 18 February 2013
Tuesday, 12 February 2013
Sunday, 3 February 2013
Sunday, 20 January 2013
2.1 :
Linear Motion : Motion along a
straight line.
|
1. Distance
|
|
2. Displacement
|
|
Distance
|
Displacement
|
|
Total
path length travelled from one location to another
|
The
distance between two location measured along the ______________ path
connecting them in specific location
|
|
Scalar
quantity
|
Vector
quantity
|
|
Has
magnitude only
|
Has
magnitude and direction
|
|
SI unit
meter
|
SI unit
meter
|
Speed
1.
Speed is defined as the …………………… travelled in a certain
interval of time or the …………………............
of distance traveled with time.
Speed
= Distance traveled
Time taken
2.
The speed of an object is a ……………………… quantity. The SI units for speed is …………………..
Velocity
1.
Velocity is defined as the …………………….. travelled in a
given interval of time in a ………………………………….. or the rate of change of …………………….. traveled with time.
Velocity = Displacement
Time take
2.
The velocity of an object is a …………………….. quantity. The SI units for speed is
………………..
Acceleration
1.
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
Acceleration
= Change of velocity
Time taken
a = v - u
t
v - the final velocity
u – the initial velocity
t – the time taken
1. The ticker timer as
shown in figure is used in the laboratory
to study motion.
2. It can print dots on a
tape at a steady rate.
3. It is connected to an
a.c . power supply of 50 Hz.
4. The time taken to make
50 dots on the ticker tape is 1 s. Hence , the time interval between 2
consecutive dots ( 1 tick) is 1/50 = 0.02 s.
Calculation
involved ticker tape :
What is the
speed of the trolley ?
The ticker-tape charts constructed
with 5-tick lengths is shown in the Figure
above. What is the velocity of the trolley if the ticker-timer was
connected to a 50 Hz power supply?
Tuesday, 15 January 2013
CHAPTER 2 : FORCE AND MOTION_ definition list
Linear Motion is
the motion of an object in a straight line.
Kinematics is
the study of the of motion objects without considering the forces that cause
the motion of the object.
Distance is
the total length of the path covered by a moving object.
Displacement is distance from one point to
another in a particular direction.
Speed is
rate of change of distance. Unit m s-1
Velocity is the rate of change of
displacement.
Average speed is
total distance moved divided by total time taken.
Average velocity is
total displacement divided by total time taken.
Acceleration is
rate of change of velocity. Unit m s-2
a = v - u
t
Equations of linear motion with uniform acceleration are as follows :
v = u + at
s = ut + ½ at2
v2 = u2
+ 2 as
Dynamics is
the study of the motion and of the forces that cause the motion of that body.
Inertia is the resistance of an object to change of its
motion. Inertia is non-physical quantity.
Mass of
an object is the quantity of matter in
that object.
Newton’s First Law of motion states, if no external force is acting on an object, it
will, if stationary remain stationary, if moving keep moving at a steady speed
in a straight line.
Momentum of an object is defined as a
product of mass and its velocity. Unit kg m s-1
p =
mv
Principle of conservation of
momentum states that when two or more objects act on each
other, their total momentum remains constant, provided there are no external
forces acting on the system.
(m1u1 + m2u2
= m1v1 + m2v2)
Force
acting on an object can cause changes to its size, shape, and state of rest,
velocity, and direction of motion of the object.
Impulse is
the product of force and time for which the force acts during collision
Impulsive force is
the force that acts on an object within a very short time such as during a
collision.
|
F
= mv – mu
t
|
Gravitational attractive force
is the pull (force) of the earth on objects and it acts towards the centre
of the earth
An
object is in free fall when it falls under the influence of gravitational attractive force without the influence of other forces.
(A free fall is situation whereby an object falls under the influence of
gravitational attractive force only).
Gravitational acceleration is the acceleration of an
object which falls freely.
Weight of an object is the gravitational force acting on it.
Or
W = mg (m = mass, g = gravitational
acceleration)
An object is in equilibrium if the resultant of
forces acting on it is zero.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that for every force
there is an opposite an equivalent force
against it.
A resultant force is a single force that represents in magnitude
and direction two or more forces acting on an object.
Resolving a force is replacing a single force by a pair of
perpendicular forces provided that the resultant of the two forces is
equivalent to the single force.
Work done by constant force to move an object is equivalent to
the product of the magnitude of its displacement and the components of the
force, which is in the direction of the displacement.
W = F x
s
Energy is defined as the capacity of a system to do work.
Gravitational Potential Energy is defined as energy obtained
by an object due to its position.
Ep
= W = Fs
= mg x h
= mgh
Elastic Potential Energy is defined as energy obtained
by object due to its state (extension or compression)
Ep
= ½ F x
Kinetic Energy is defined as energy attained by an object due to its
motion.
W = Ek = ½ m v2
Conservation
of Energy
states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed but changes from one form to
another.
Elasticity of a material is its ability
to return to its original form and size when the force acting on it is removed.
Hooke’s
law states
that the extension of an elastic spring is directly proportional to the force
acting on it provided that the limit of elasticity is not exceeded.
Spring
constant is
defined as force per unit extension of a spring.
A
soft spring has a smaller k value whereas a stiff spring has a larger k
value.
The
work done when extending or compressing an elastic material is given by
The strength
of a material is the ability of the material to withstand external forces
before it breaks or snaps. Rattan is a strong but not rigid material. Concrete
is both strong and rigid.
Rigidity is the ability of a material
to withstand external forces acting on it without changing its size or shape.
Glass is a rigid but not a strong material.
SIMPLE PENDULUM EXPERIMENT
- Inference : When the length of a simple pendulum increases, the period of oscillation also increases. // The period of pendulum is affected by the length of the thread.
- Hypothesis : The longer
the length of a simple pendulum, the longer will
be the period of oscillation
3.
Aim : To find the relationship between the length
of a simple pendulum and the period
of oscillation.
4.
Variable : a) Manipulated variable : Length, l
b) Responding variable : Period, T.
c)
Fixed variable : Mass of pendulum bob.
5.
Materials/ Apparatus : Retort stand, pendulum bob, thread, metre rule, stop
watch.
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
7.
Procedure :
a) Set up the apparatus as shown
in Figure above.// A small brass or
bob was attached to the thread. The
thread was held by a clamp of a
the retort stand.
b) The length of the thread , l was measured by a metre rule,
starting
with 90.0 cm. The bob of the
pendulum was displaced and released.
c)
The time for 20 complete oscillations, t was taken using the stop
watch. Calculate the
period of oscillation by using, T = t / 20
d) The experiment was repeated using
different lengths such as
80.0 cm. 70.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 50.0 cm
and 40.0 cm.
|
Length
of string, l / cm
|
Time
taken for 10
oscillation,
t (s)
|
Period
of oscillation
T
|
T2
(s2 )
|
||
|
t 1
|
t 2
|
Average, t
|
|||
|
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
|
25.2
28.1
31.0
33.5
35.7
38.2
|
25.1
28.2
31.0
33.6
35.9
37.9
|
25.2
28.2
31.0
33.6
35.8
38.1
|
1.26
1.41
1.55
1.68
1.79
1.91
|
1.59
1.99
2.40
2.82
3.20
3.65
|
8. Plotting the graph
Notes :
a)
Plotting the graph
·
The graph should be labeled by a heading
·
All axes should be labeled
with quantities and their respective units.
·
The manipulated variable (l) should be plotted on the x-axis while the responding variable (T2
) should be plotted on the y-axis
·
Odd scales such as 1:3,
1:7 , 1:9 0r 1 :11 should be avoided in plotting graph.
·
Make sure that the transference of data from the table to
the graph is accurate.
·
Draw the best straight line.
- the line that passes through most of the points plotted
such that is balanced by the number of points above and below the straight
line.
·
make sure that the size
of the graph is large
enough, which is, not less than half the
size of the graph paper or.( > 8 cm x
10 cm )
10.
Discussion / Precaution of the experiment / to improve the accuracy
a) The bob of the
pendulum was displaced with a small
angle
b) The amplitude of the
oscillation of a simple pendulum is small.
c) The simple pendulum
oscillate in a vertical plane only.
d) Switch off the fan to
reduce the air resistance
11. Conclusion
The length of simple pendulum is directly proportional
to
the square of
the period of oscillation. //
T2 is
directly proportional to l (the straight line graph passing
through the
origin)
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